Izina ryibikoresho: Polyester
Inkomoko n'ibiranga
Fibre polyester, bakunze kwita "polyester".Nibikoresho bya sintetike bikozwe na spinester polyester ikozwe muri polycondensation ya diacide organic na diol, bigufi kuri fibre ya PET, ikaba igizwe na molekile nyinshi.Yahimbwe mu 1941, kuri ubu ni ubwoko bunini bwa fibre syntique.Inyungu nini ya fibre polyester ni ukurwanya inkari no kubungabunga imiterere nibyiza cyane, hamwe nimbaraga nyinshi hamwe nubushobozi bwo gukira bworoshye.Igikomeye cyacyo kiramba, kirwanya - inkeke kandi kitari icyuma, umusatsi udafashe.
Polyester (PET) fibre ni ubwoko bwa fibre synthique igizwe n'iminyururu itandukanye y'urunigi rwa macromolecular ihujwe na ester group hanyuma ikazunguruka muri fibre polymer.Mubushinwa, fibre irimo terefegitire irenga 85% polyethylene bita polyester mugihe gito.Hariho amazina menshi y'ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga, nka Dacron wo muri Amerika, Tetoron w'Ubuyapani, Terlenka yo mu Bwongereza, Lavsan wahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti, n'ibindi.
Nko mu 1894, Vorlander yakoze polyester ifite uburemere buke ugereranije na molekile ya chloride na succinyl chloride na Ethylene glycol.Einkorn ikomatanya polyakarubone mu 1898;Carothers synthique aliphatic polyester: Polyester ikomatanya mumyaka yambere iba igizwe cyane na alifatique, uburemere bwayo bwa molekuline ugereranije nu gushonga ni bike, byoroshye gushonga mumazi, ntabwo rero bifite agaciro ka fibre yimyenda.Mu 1941, Whinfield na Dickson mu Bwongereza bahujije polyethylene terephthalate (PET) kuva dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) na Ethylene glycol (EG), polymer yashoboraga gukoreshwa mu gukora fibre ifite ibintu byiza cyane mu kuzunguruka.Mu 1953, Amerika yabanje gushinga uruganda rukora fibre PET, nukuvuga, PET fibre ni ubwoko bwa fibre yatinze gukura mumibiri minini yubukorikori.
Hamwe niterambere rya synthesis organique, polymer siyanse ninganda, fibre zitandukanye zifatika za PET zifite imitungo itandukanye zakozwe mumyaka yashize.
Nka fibre polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) na fibre polypropilene-terephthalate (PTT) ifite fibre ndende irambuye, fibre yuzuye ya aromatic polyester ifite imbaraga zidasanzwe na modulus nyinshi, nibindi: ibyo bita "fibre polyester" bakunze kwita "fibre fibre". polyethylene terephthalate fibre.
Umwanya wo gusaba
Fibre ya polyester ifite urukurikirane rwibintu byiza cyane, nkimbaraga zo kumeneka cyane hamwe na moderi ya elastike, kwihanganira mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro, ingaruka nziza yo gushiraho ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe bwiza no kurwanya urumuri.Polyester fibre yo gushonga ni 255 ℃ cyangwa irenga, ubushyuhe bwikirahure bwikirahure bugera kuri 70 ℃, muburyo bwagutse bwimikoreshereze yanyuma imeze neza, gukaraba imyenda no kwihanganira kwambara, byongeye, nayo ifite inzitizi nziza (nko kurwanya ibishishwa kama) , isabune, detergent, bleach solution, oxyde) kimwe no kurwanya ruswa nziza, aside idakomeye, alkali, nkumutekano, bityo ikoreshwa cyane kandi ikoreshwa ninganda.Iterambere ryihuse ryinganda zikomoka kuri peteroli, no kubyara fibre fibre kugirango itange ibikoresho byinshi kandi bihendutse, bifatanije nubuhanga bwimiti, ubukanishi, ikoreshwa rya elegitoronike mumyaka yashize iterambere ryikoranabuhanga, nkibikoresho fatizo byo gukora, gukora fibre nuburyo bwo gutunganya buhoro buhoro bugera ku ntera ngufi, ikomeza, umuvuduko mwinshi no kwikora, fibre polyester yabaye umuvuduko wihuta witerambere, ubwoko butanga umusaruro mwinshi wa fibre synthique.Mu mwaka wa 2010, umusaruro wa fibre polyester ku isi wageze kuri toni miliyoni 37.3, bingana na 74% by’umusaruro rusange w’ibihingwa ngengabukungu.
Ibintu bifatika
1) Ibara.Polyester muri rusange ni opalescent hamwe na mercerisation.Gukora ibicuruzwa bya matte, ongeramo mati TiO2 mbere yo kuzunguruka;kubyara ibicuruzwa byera byera, ongeramo umweru;kubyara ibara ryamabara, ongeramo pigment cyangwa irangi mukuzunguruka gushonga.
2) Ubuso nubuso bwibice.Ubuso bwa polyester busanzwe buroroshye kandi igice cyambukiranya ni hafi.Kurugero, fibre ifite imiterere yihariye yibice, nka mpandeshatu, Y-shusho, umwobo hamwe nubundi budodo budasanzwe-budodo, burashobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe spineret idasanzwe.
3) Ubucucike.Iyo polyester iba amorphous rwose, ubwinshi bwayo ni 1.333g / cm3.1.455g / cm3 iyo byuzuye neza.Mubisanzwe, polyester ifite kristaliste nyinshi nubucucike bwa 1.38 ~ 1.40g / cm3, bisa nubwoya (1.32g / cm3).
4) Ubushuhe bwongeye kugaruka.Ubushuhe bugarura polyester muburyo busanzwe ni 0.4%, munsi yubwa acrylic (1% ~ 2%) na polyamide (4%).Polyester ifite hygroscopique nkeya, bityo imbaraga zayo zitose zigabanuka gake, kandi umwenda urashobora gukaraba;Ariko ibintu by'amashanyarazi bihamye birakomeye mugihe cyo gutunganya no kwambara, guhumeka imyenda hamwe na hygroscopicity ni bibi.
5) Imikorere yubushyuhe.Ingingo yoroshye T ya polyester ni 230-240 ℃, gushonga Tm ni 255-265 ℃, naho ingingo yo kubora T igera kuri 300 ℃.Polyester irashobora gutwika mumuriro, gutumbagira no gushonga mumasaro, hamwe numwotsi wumukara nimpumuro nziza.
6) Kurwanya urumuri.Kurwanya urumuri rwa kabiri nyuma ya fibre acrylic.Kurwanya urumuri rwa dacron bifitanye isano nimiterere ya molekile.Dacron ifite gusa umurongo ukomeye wo kwinjiza mukarere ka 315nm, bityo imbaraga zayo zitakaza 60% gusa nyuma ya 600h yumucyo wizuba, bisa nipamba.
7) Imikorere y'amashanyarazi.Polyester ifite imiyoboro idahwitse bitewe na hygroscopique nkeya, kandi dielectric ihoraho murwego rwa -100 ~ + 160 ℃ ni 3.0 ~ 3.8, bigatuma iba insulator nziza.
Ibikoresho bya mashini
1) Imbaraga nyinshi.Imbaraga zumye zari 4 ~ 7cN / DEX, mugihe imbaraga zitose zagabanutse.
2) Kurambura mu rugero, 20% ~ 50%.
3) Modulus yo hejuru.Mu bwoko bunini bwa fibre synthique, modulus yambere ya polyester niyo yo hejuru, ishobora kugera kuri 14 ~ 17GPa, bigatuma imyenda ya polyester ihagaze neza mubunini, idahinduka, idahinduka kandi iramba mugushimisha.
4) Kwihangana kwiza.Ubworoherane bwabwo buri hafi yubwoya, kandi iyo bwongerewe na 5%, burashobora gukira neza nyuma yo kumeneka imitwaro.Kubwibyo, imyunyu irwanya imyenda ya polyester iruta iyindi myenda ya fibre.
5) Kwambara ukurwanya.Kwambara kwayo ni kumwanya wa kabiri nyuma ya nylon, kandi kurenza izindi fibre synthique, kwambara birwanya hafi.
Imiti ihamye
Imiti ihamye ya polyester ahanini iterwa nuburyo bwimikorere ya molekile.Polyester ifite imbaraga zo guhangana nizindi reagent usibye kurwanya alkali mbi.
Kurwanya aside.Dacron ihamye cyane kuri acide (cyane cyane acide organic) kandi yibizwa mumuti wa hydrochloric acide hamwe nigice cya 5% kuri 100 ℃.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-14-2022