Izina ryibikoresho: Polyamide, Nylon (PA)
Inkomoko n'ibiranga
Polyamide, izwi cyane ku izina rya Nylon, ifite izina ry'icyongereza rya Polyamide (PA) n'ubucucike bwa 1.15g / cm3, ni ibisigarira bya termoplastique hamwe n'itsinda rya amide ryasubiwemo - [NHCO] - ku ruhererekane runini rwa molekile, harimo na alifatique PA, alifatique PA hamwe na PA.
Ubwoko bwa Aliphatic PA ni bwinshi, hamwe n'umusaruro munini kandi ushyirwa mubikorwa.Izina ryayo rigenwa numubare wihariye wa atome ya karubone muri monomer syntique.Yahimbwe na chimiste uzwi cyane muri Amerika Carothers hamwe nitsinda rye ryubushakashatsi.
Nylon ni ijambo rya fibre polyamide (polyamide), ishobora gukorwa mumibiri miremire cyangwa ngufi.Nylon nizina ryubucuruzi bwa fibre polyamide, izwi kandi nka Nylon.Polyamide (PA) ni alifatique Polyamide ihujwe hamwe na amide [NHCO].
Imiterere ya Molecular
Fibre isanzwe ya nylon irashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri.
Icyiciro cya polyhexylenediamine adipate kiboneka muguhuza diamine na diacid.Imiterere yimiti ya molekile yayo ndende niyi ikurikira: H- [HN (CH2) XNHCO (CH2) YCO] -OH
Uburemere bwa molekile bugereranije bwubu bwoko bwa polyamide ni 17000-23000.
Ibicuruzwa bitandukanye bya polyamide birashobora kuboneka ukurikije umubare wa karubone ya karubone ya binine amine na diacide ikoreshwa, kandi irashobora gutandukanywa numubare wongeyeho polyamide, aho umubare wambere ari umubare wa atome ya karubone ya amine binini, naho iyakabiri umubare numubare wa atome ya karubone ya diacide.Kurugero, polyamide 66 yerekana ko ikozwe na polycondensation ya hexylenediamine na aside adipic.Nylon 610 yerekana ko ikozwe muri hexylenediamine na aside sebacic.
Ibindi bibonwa na caprolactam polycondensation cyangwa polymerisation ifungura impeta.Imiterere yimiti ya molekile ndende yayo niyi ikurikira: H- [NH (CH2) XCO] -OH
Ukurikije umubare wa atome ya karubone muburyo bwimiterere, amazina yubwoko butandukanye arashobora kuboneka.Kurugero, polyamide 6 yerekana ko ibonwa na cyclo-polymerisation ya caprolactam irimo atome 6 za karubone.
Polyamide 6, polyamide 66 hamwe nizindi fibre ya alifatique polyamide byose bigizwe na macromolecules kumurongo hamwe na amide ihuza (-NHCO-).Molekile ya fibre polyamide ifite -CO-, -NH- matsinda, irashobora gukora imigozi ya hydrogène muri molekile cyangwa molekile, irashobora kandi guhuzwa nizindi molekile, bityo ubushobozi bwa polyamide fibre hygroscopique nibyiza, kandi birashobora gukora imiterere myiza ya kristu.
Kuberako -CH2- (methylene) muri molekile ya polyamide ishobora kubyara gusa imbaraga za der der Waals zidafite imbaraga, urunigi rwimitsi ya selile ya -CH2- igice ni kinini.Bitewe numubare utandukanye wa CH2- uyumunsi, uburyo bwo guhuza imiyoboro ya hydrogène ihuza molekile ntago ihwanye rwose, kandi amahirwe yo kugabanuka kwa molekile nayo aratandukanye.Mubyongeyeho, molekile zimwe na zimwe za polyamide zifite icyerekezo.Icyerekezo cya molekile kiratandukanye, kandi imiterere yimiterere ya fibre ntabwo ihwanye neza.
Imiterere ya Morphologiya no kuyishyira mu bikorwa
Fibre ya polyamide yabonetse mugushonga uburyo bwo kuzunguruka ifite igice cyambukiranya uruziga kandi nta miterere yihariye ndende.Tissue fibrillar tissue irashobora kugaragara munsi ya microscope ya electron, naho ubugari bwa fibril ya polyamide 66 ni 10-15nm.Kurugero, fibre ya polyamide ifite spinneret idasanzwe irashobora gukorwa mubice bitandukanye byihariye, nka polygonal, ibibabi, ibibabi nibindi.Imiterere ya leta yibanze ifitanye isano cyane no kurambura no kuvura ubushyuhe mugihe cyo kuzunguruka.
Umugongo wa macromolecular ya fibre itandukanye ya polyamide ugizwe na atome ya karubone na azote.
Fibre imeze nkibisobanuro birashobora guhindura ubworoherane bwa fibre, bigatuma fibre ifite ibintu byihariye kandi bisunika, kuzamura imitungo ya fibre hamwe nubushobozi bwo gupfuka, kurwanya ibinini, kugabanya amashanyarazi ahamye nibindi.Nka fibre ya fibre ifite flash flash;Fibre yamababi atanu ifite urumuri rwinshi rwibinure, kumva neza ukuboko no kurwanya ibinini;Fibre yuzuye kubera cavite y'imbere, ubucucike buto, kubika neza ubushyuhe.
Polyamide ifite ibintu byiza byuzuye, harimo imiterere yubukanishi, kurwanya ubushyuhe, kurwanya abrasion, kurwanya imiti no kwisiga, coefficient de fraisement nkeya, retardant flame ku rugero runaka, kuyitunganya byoroshye, kandi ikwiriye guhinduka cyane hamwe nibirahuri nibindi byuzuza, bityo kunoza imikorere no kwagura porogaramu.
Polyamide ifite ubwoko butandukanye, harimo PA6, PA66, PAll, PA12, PA46, PA610, PA612, PA1010, nibindi, hamwe na kimwe cya kabiri cya aromatic PA6T na nylon idasanzwe yakozwe mumyaka yashize.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-14-2022