Bitewe n’igabanuka ry’umutungo kamere ku isi, kwangirika kw’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere n’izindi ngaruka ku buzima bw’abantu, abantu barushaho gusobanukirwa imibereho y’ibidukikije. Mu myaka ya vuba aha ijambo “ibikoresho fatizo bivugururwa/bisubirwamo” ririmo gukundwa cyane mu nganda z’imyenda n’imyenda yo mu rugo. Amwe mu masosiyete mpuzamahanga azwi cyane yo kwambara imyenda nka Adidas, Nike, Uniqlo n’andi ni yo ashyigikira uyu muryango.
Fibre ya cellulose ivuguruye n'umunyu wa polyester ivuguruye ni iki? Abantu benshi barayoberwa ibi.
1. Fibre ya cellulose ivuguruye ni iki?
Ibikoresho fatizo bya fibre ya cellulose yavuguruwe ni cellulose karemano (ni ukuvuga ipamba, urumogi, umugano, ibiti, ibihuru). Kugira ngo fibre ya cellulose yavuguruwe ikore neza, dukeneye guhindura imiterere ya cellulose karemano. Imiterere yayo ya shimi ntihinduka. Mu buryo bworoshye, fibre ya cellulose yavuguruwe ikurwamo kandi igakurwa mu bikoresho karemano by’umwimerere binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga ry’ubukorano. Ni iy’ubukorano, ariko ni karemano kandi itandukanye na fibre ya polyester. NTABWO ari iy’ubukorano bwa shimi!
Fibre ya Tencel, izwi kandi nka "Lyocell", ni fibre ya cellulose isanzwe ivugururwa ku isoko. Vanga impumuro y'ibiti bya coniferous, amazi n'ibintu bishongesha hanyuma ushyushye kugeza bishonge neza. Nyuma yo gukuraho umwanda no kuzunguruka, igikorwa cyo gukora ibikoresho bya "Lyocell" cyarangiye. Ihame ryo kuboha rya Modal na Tencel rirasa. Ibikoresho byayo fatizo bikomoka ku biti by'umwimerere. Fibre ya bamboo igabanyijemo fibre ya bamboo pulp na fibre ya bamboo original. Fibre ya bamboo pulp ikorwa binyuze mu kongeramo inyongera ku mpumuro y'imibumbe ya Moso hanyuma igatunganywa hakoreshejwe kuzunguruka gutose. Mu gihe fibre ya bamboo original ikurwa muri Moso plant nyuma yo kuvurwa n'ibinyabuzima karemano.
2. Fibre ya polyester ivugururwa/isubirwamo ni iki?
Dukurikije ihame ryo kuvugurura, uburyo bwo gukora fibre ya polyester yavuguruwe bushobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri: physique na chemical. Uburyo bukoreshwa busobanura gutondeka, gusukura no kumisha ibikoresho bya polyester by'imyanda hanyuma ugashongesha neza. Mu gihe uburyo bwa chemical busobanura gukuraho polymeri mu bikoresho bya polyester by'imyanda bikajya kuri polymerization monomer cyangwa polymerization intermediates binyuze mu buryo bwa chemical reactions; kuvugurura polymeri nyuma yo gutunganya no gutandukanya intambwe hanyuma ugashongesha.
Kubera ikoranabuhanga ryoroshye ryo gukora, uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora ndetse n'igiciro gito cyo gukora cy'uburyo busanzwe, ni bwo buryo bukoreshwa cyane mu kongera gukoresha polyester mu myaka ya vuba aha. Ubudodo bwayo burenga 70% kugeza 80% by'ubushobozi bwo gukora polyester isubijwemo buvugururwa hakoreshejwe uburyo busanzwe. Ubudodo bwayo bukozwe mu macupa y'amazi y'imyanda n'amacupa ya Coke. Irakunzwe cyane mu bihugu byateye imbere nka Burayi na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kuko ikoreshwa mu kongera gukoresha imyanda. Polyester isubijwemo ishobora kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'amavuta, buri toni y'ubudodo bwa PET burangiye ishobora kuzigama toni 6 z'amavuta. Ishobora kugira uruhare mu kugabanya ihumana ry'ikirere no kugenzura ingaruka z'ubushyuhe. Urugero: kongera gukoresha icupa rya pulasitiki rifite ingano ya 600cc = kugabanya karubone ya 25.2g = kuzigama amavuta ya 0.52cc = kuzigama amazi ya 88.6cc.
Bityo rero, ibikoresho bivuguruwe/byasubiwemo bizaba ibikoresho by’ingenzi bizakurikiranwa n’abaturage mu gihe kizaza. Ibintu byinshi bifitanye isano rya hafi n’ubuzima bwacu nk’imyenda, inkweto n’ameza bikozwe mu bikoresho bivuguruwe bitangiza ibidukikije. Bizarushaho kwakirwa neza n’abaturage.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-22-2022
